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Russian Revolution (1917) - Background, Events, and Effects

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Russian Revolution is the string of events that changed the Russian political system from monarchy to communism in 1917. During World War 1, the trembling military and economic situation of the Russian Empire paved the way for the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II by the Russian imperial parliament Duma in March 1917. However, the Provisional Government continued Russian participation in World War 1, which was unacceptable to the  Bolsheviks (radical socialists). The Bolsheviks formed their military wing, Red Guards, and overthrew the Provisional Government in November 1917. Soon after the empowerment of the Bolsheviks, the Russian Civil War started, which lasted till 1922. It ended with victory for the Bolsheviks, and they transformed Russia into the Soviet Union. Events Leading to the Russian Revolution ·          The economic condition of Russia has not been stable since the beginning of the 20 th Century. This situation, along with R...

French Revolution - Causes, Events, and Effects

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The French Revolution is one of the most famous events in European history. It occurred from 1789 to 1799, during which a string of events altered the French political and social structure. During this revolution,  a democratic system replaced  the French monarchy, while liberalism and secularism eradicated the importance of religion in the affairs of the state and society.  Causes of the French Revolution Social Inequality (The Estates System) The social system of France divided its population into three estates: the First Estate (clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (commoners). The first two estates (clergy and the nobility) enjoyed privileges with little to no taxes. They also had political influence due to an unfair voting system at the Estates General Assembly, which represented all three estates. The Third Estate, nearly 98% of the French population, bore the burden of taxation while lacking political representation. Long and Costly Wars Th...