History Educate

Mongol Empire was the greatest empire of the 13 th Century and ranked among the most ruthless empires of human history. Their influence diminished during the 14 th Century when the Mongol Empire disintegrated into several relatively smaller dynasties. After its emergence in 1206 from Mongolia, t he Mongol Empire  captured vast areas of Eurasia in just a few decades under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his military commanders. The rise of nomads of Mongolia to become rulers of an  area comprising  today’s Russia, China, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of the Middle East was not merely due to the capabilities of Mongols. Several other factors also played a vital role in establishing this vast empire. Rise of the Mongol Empire - Important  Reasons The Leadership of Genghis Khan   Before the emergence of Genghis Khan, Mongols were divided into various groups and tribes, fighting against each other to control their areas. Genghis Khan also...

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state that lasted from 1922 to 1991. Vast areas of Eastern and Central Asia and Eastern Europe were part of the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Russian city of Moscow. The Soviet Union played a vital role in the defeat of Germany in World War 2.  After the war, it became a superpower along with the USA. USSR emerged after the fall of the Russian Empire and the victory of the Red Army against the White Army. As the leader of Communism, USSR greatly influenced several parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. The main reasons behind the rise of the Soviet Union are listed below. Economic Conditions of the Russian Empire At the start of the 20 th Century, the Russian economy was deteriorating due to severe economic and political instability that gave rise to social unrest. The  communists took advantage of this situation and promised equal rights to people ...

The Soviet Union, established in 1922, became a superpower after World War 2 in 1945. Due to its influence, the Soviet Union soon established a Communist bloc that remained hostile to the US-led bloc. Both USA and USSR continuously clashed indirectly between 1945 and 1990. During this period, these superpowers avoided a full-fledged war but opposed each other in various conflicts through their proxies. The whole era is known for the ‘Cold War’ between the two superpowers. This situation ended in 1992 with the collapse of the USSR, after which the USA emerged as the sole superpower. The fall of the Soviet Union was not the result of a single cause but rather a combination of political, economic, and social factors that had accumulated over decades. The most  prominent reasons behind the collapse of the USSR are listed below. Reasons for the Fall of the Soviet Union Long-standing Cold War Against USA After World War 2 in 1945, the Soviet Union captured the entire Eastern Europe ...

In 1992, USSR collapsed after the fall of the communist regime and the independence of several states from Asian and European parts of the USSR. The Soviet Union was a superpower before its dissolution. It is the reason that this collapse not only changed the political and economic condition in the areas directly related to USSR, but it impacted heavily on a global scale also. The following are notable long and short-term effects that appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union.  End of the Cold War Soon after the end of World War 2 in 1945, USA and USSR emerged as two superpowers leading two opposite economic systems, capitalism and communism. Both countries tried to spread their respective economic system and influence in other parts of the world, resulting in hostility between the two superpowers. But both these superpowers had dangerous and lethal weapons (including nuclear weapons), and their direct conflict could have destroyed the whole world. Therefore, bot...

Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) is a militant outfit designated as a terrorist organization by the UN and many countries in the world. There is no country or organization which is openly assisting this organization. But despite every difficulty and military operation by world powers and regional states of the Middle East, ISIL managed to take control of a large area of Iraq and Syria. There are a few important reasons behind the rise of ISIL. ·          American policies in the Middle East should be regarded as the main reason for the birth and rise of ISIL. After the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 over false allegations of WMD (weapons of mass destruction), ISIL’s parent organization JTJ ( Jamaat al Tawhid wal Jihad ), under the leadership of al-Zarqawi, started guerrilla warfare against the US and became popular among regional Sunni Muslims due to its stiff resistance. It helped them to increase their strength as a large number of ...

The Ottoman Empire was the last great Muslim Empire that lasted from the end of the 13 th   Century to the start of the 20 th   Century. Starting from Northwest Anatolia, the Ottoman Empire gained control of large parts of western Asia, central Europe, and North Africa at its peak. However, the Ottoman Empire started losing its political influence  during the 17 th   Century (especially after  the  Battle of Vienna   in 1683)  by losing its European areas one after another.  During World War 1, the empire sided with Germany to regain its lost areas. However, the war ended with the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, which  only  holds the Anatolia region. The following are the main reasons behind the decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire. Reasons for the Fall of the Ottoman Empire Incapable Rulers The first ten Sultans of the Ottoman Empire (from Osman I to Suleiman I) a...

Umayyad Caliphate was the second Muslim Caliphate that emerged after Rashidun Caliphate. However, it is commonly known as Umayyad Dynasty due to its centralization on the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe of Makkah.  At its peak, the Umayyad Dynasty ruled the  Middle East, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Persia, and Central Asia . It makes it the largest Muslim dynasty and one of the largest empires in human history. Umayyad Caliphate also kept the unity of the Islamic Caliphate as more than one Muslim dynasty appeared soon after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty. But despite these prominent political and military achievements, Umayyad Dynasty could only last for around 90 years. The Abbasids took the throne from them in 750 AD (Later, Umayyad ruled the Iberian Peninsula from 756 to 1031 AD). Fall of Umayyad Dynasty - Main Reasons Surprisingly, such a vast and politically powerful umpire could only last 90 years. There are several reasons behind the fall of t...