History Educate

Mongol Empire was the greatest empire of the 13 th Century and ranked among the most ruthless empires of human history. Their influence diminished during the 14 th Century when the Mongol Empire disintegrated into several relatively smaller dynasties. After its emergence in 1206 from Mongolia, t he Mongol Empire  captured vast areas of Eurasia in just a few decades under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his military commanders. The rise of nomads of Mongolia to become rulers of an  area comprising  today’s Russia, China, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of the Middle East was not merely due to the capabilities of Mongols. Several other factors also played a vital role in establishing this vast empire. Rise of the Mongol Empire - Important  Reasons The Leadership of Genghis Khan Before the emergence of Genghis Khan, Mongols were divided into various groups and tribes, fighting against each other to control their areas. Genghis Khan also had to fight aga...

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state that lasted from 1922 to 1991. Vast areas of Eastern and Central Asia and Eastern Europe were part of the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Russian city of Moscow. The Soviet Union played a vital role in the defeat of Germany in World War 2.  After the war, it became a superpower along with the USA. Top Reasons Behind the Rise of the USSR USSR emerged after the fall of the Russian Empire and the victory of the Red Army against the White Army. As the leader of Communism, USSR greatly influenced several parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. The main reasons behind the rise of the Soviet Union are listed below. Economic Conditions of the Russian Empire At the start of the 20 th Century, the Russian economy was deteriorating due to severe economic and political instability that gave rise to social unrest. The  communists took advantage of this situation an...

The Soviet Union, established in 1922, became a superpower after World War 2 in 1945. Due to its influence, the Soviet Union soon established a Communist bloc that remained hostile to the US-led capitalist Western bloc. Both USA and USSR continuously clashed indirectly between 1945 and 1990. During this period, these superpowers avoided a full-fledged war but opposed each other in various conflicts through their proxies. The whole era is known for the ‘Cold War’ between the two superpowers. This situation ended in 1992 with the collapse of the USSR, after which the USA emerged as the sole superpower. The fall of the Soviet Union was not the result of a single cause but rather a combination of political, economic, and social factors that had accumulated over decades. The most  prominent reasons behind the collapse of the USSR are listed below. Reasons for the Fall of the Soviet Union Long-standing Cold War Against USA After World War 2 in 1945, the Soviet Union captured the entire...

Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) is a militant outfit designated as a terrorist organization by the UN and many countries in the world. There is no country or organization which is openly assisting this organization. But despite every difficulty and military operation by world powers and regional states of the Middle East, ISIL managed to take control of a large area of Iraq and Syria. There are a few important reasons behind the rise of ISIL. American policies in the Middle East   After the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 over false allegations of WMD (weapons of mass destruction), ISIL’s parent organization JTJ ( Jamaat al Tawhid wal Jihad ), under the leadership of al-Zarqawi, started guerrilla warfare against the US and became popular among regional Sunni Muslims due to its stiff resistance. It helped them to increase their strength as a large number of fighters joined the group. On the other hand, the US remained inactive in Syria over the brutal killing of Syrian peop...

The Ottoman Empire was the last great Muslim Empire that lasted from the end of the 13 th   Century to the start of the 20 th   Century. Starting from Northwest Anatolia, the Ottoman Empire gained control of large parts of western Asia, central Europe, and North Africa at its peak. However, the Ottoman Empire started losing its political influence  during the 17 th   Century (especially after  the  Battle of Vienna   in 1683)  by losing its European areas one after another.  During World War 1, the empire sided with Germany to regain its lost areas. However, the war ended with the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, which  only  holds the Anatolia region. The following are the main reasons behind the decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire. Fall of the Ottoman Empire - Important  Reasons Incapable Rulers The first ten Sultans of the Ottoman Empire (from Osman I to Suleiman...

Umayyad Caliphate was the second Muslim Caliphate that emerged after Rashidun Caliphate. However, it is commonly known as Umayyad Dynasty due to its centralization on the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe of Makkah. At its peak, the Umayyad Dynasty ruled the  Middle East, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Persia, and Central Asia . It makes it the largest Muslim dynasty and one of the largest empires in human history. Umayyad Caliphate also kept the unity of the Islamic Caliphate as more than one Muslim dynasty appeared soon after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty. But despite these prominent political and military achievements, Umayyad Dynasty could only last for around 90 years. The Abbasids took the throne from them in 750 AD (Later, Umayyad ruled the Iberian Peninsula from 756 to 1031 AD). Fall of Umayyad Dynasty - Main Reasons Surprisingly, such a vast and politically powerful umpire could only last 90 years. There are several reasons behind the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty...

Abbasid Caliphate was the third Muslim Caliphate after the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates. It was also the second Muslim dynasty after Umayyad Dynasty, as the rulers during this dynasty belonged only to the Abbasid family. The Abbasids took the throne in 750 AD after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty . They ruled almost the entire Muslim world (directly or indirectly) for more than 500 years till 1258 AD. In 1258, Mongols occupied Baghdad and assassinated the last Abbasid caliph Mustasim, thus effectively bringing  the downfall of  the Abbasid Caliphate. Though Abbasids remained caliphs for over 500 years, the gradual decline of their empire started almost from the beginning. The following are the top reasons behind the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate. Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate - Main  Reasons Differences with Shia Abbasids and Shia were together during the Hashemite movement, which overthrew the  Umayyad Caliphate . But differences between the two parties starte...