History Educate

Umayyad Caliphate, or Umayyad Dynasty,  was the first Muslim dynasty formed after Rashidun Caliphate. The Umayyad Caliphate lasted around 90 years, from 661 to 750 AD. It was established after the end of the  First Fitnah (First Muslim Civil War) and barely recovered from Second Fitnah (Second Muslim Civil War) at the beginning of their rule. The Umayyad Caliphate is known for the expansion of conquered territories in Asia, Europe, and Africa and the unity of the empire. Soon after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty , the new Caliphate of the Abbasid Dynasty failed to retain its unification. Background and Establishment Umayyad or Banu Umayya is a clan of Quresh Tribe. A prominent figure of Banu Ummaya was the third Rashidun Caliph Usman bin Affan (RA),  a prominent sahabi (companion) and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) . Many prominent members of the Umayyad clan embraced Islam after the conquest of Makkah by Muhammad (PBUH). In 639, the second Calip...

Adolf Hitler is one of the most well-known figures of the 20 th Century thanks to his role in initiating and developing World War 2. He was directly behind the assassination of millions of Jews, Slavs, and other civilians during the war. A lot has been written about the personal and political life of this infamous personality. However, several aspects of his life are  still unknown to people. Following are a few of the most interesting and unbelievable facts about Adolf Hitler’s life. Not a German by Birth Hitler was the most aggressive proponent of German nationalism. However, he wasn’t German by birth. He was born in Austria during the last decade of the 20 th Century. He moved to Germany in the early 1920s and renounced his Austrian citizenship in 1925. During his stay in Germany, he legally remained nation-less for seven years. He was given citizenship in Germany in 1932. Long Mo ustaches Hitler is commonly known for having unique toothbrush mustaches. But ...

The fall of Byzantine was a gradual process that completed the extermination of the Roman Empire. This process started with the Division of the Roman Empire in the 3 rd Century into the Western Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire. The Western Roman Empire became the victim of Germanic tribes in 476 AD. But the eastern part of the Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) lasted far longer till 1453 before the Fall of Constantinople or the Conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire. Events leading to the Fall of the Byzantine Empire Roman Empire was one of the greatest empires of ancient history that controlled areas in Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa during its zenith. But due to internal factors and external invasions, the empire started to crumble in the 4 th Century with the division of the Roman Empire into eastern and western parts.  After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the eastern part of the Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) lasted for around 1000 more year...

Mongol Empire was the greatest empire of the 13 th Century and ranked among the most ruthless empires of human history. Their influence diminished during the 14 th Century when the Mongol Empire disintegrated into several relatively smaller dynasties. After its emergence in 1206 from Mongolia, t he Mongol Empire  captured vast areas of Eurasia in just a few decades under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his military commanders. The rise of nomads of Mongolia to become rulers of an  area comprising  today’s Russia, China, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of the Middle East was not merely due to the capabilities of Mongols. Several other factors also played a vital role in establishing this vast empire. Rise of the Mongol Empire - Important  Reasons The Leadership of Genghis Khan   Before the emergence of Genghis Khan, Mongols were divided into various groups and tribes, fighting against each other to control their areas. Genghis Khan also...

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state that lasted from 1922 to 1991. Vast areas of Eastern and Central Asia and Eastern Europe were part of the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Russian city of Moscow. The Soviet Union played a vital role in the defeat of Germany in World War 2.  After the war, it became a superpower along with the USA. USSR emerged after the fall of the Russian Empire and the victory of the Red Army against the White Army. As the leader of Communism, USSR greatly influenced several parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. The main reasons behind the rise of the Soviet Union are listed below. Economic Conditions of the Russian Empire At the start of the 20 th Century, the Russian economy was deteriorating due to severe economic and political instability that gave rise to social unrest. The  communists took advantage of this situation and promised equal rights to people ...

The Soviet Union, established in 1922, became a superpower after World War 2 in 1945. Due to its influence, the Soviet Union soon established a Communist bloc that remained hostile to the US-led bloc. Both USA and USSR continuously clashed indirectly between 1945 and 1990. During this period, these superpowers avoided a full-fledged war but opposed each other in various conflicts through their proxies. The whole era is known for the ‘Cold War’ between the two superpowers. This situation ended in 1992 with the collapse of the USSR, after which the USA emerged as the sole superpower. The fall of the Soviet Union was not the result of a single cause but rather a combination of political, economic, and social factors that had accumulated over decades. The most  prominent reasons behind the collapse of the USSR are listed below. Reasons for the Fall of the Soviet Union Long-standing Cold War Against USA After World War 2 in 1945, the Soviet Union captured the entire Eastern Europe ...

In 1992, USSR collapsed after the fall of the communist regime and the independence of several states from Asian and European parts of the USSR. The Soviet Union was a superpower before its dissolution. It is the reason that this collapse not only changed the political and economic condition in the areas directly related to USSR, but it impacted heavily on a global scale also. The following are notable long and short-term effects that appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union.  End of the Cold War Soon after the end of World War 2 in 1945, USA and USSR emerged as two superpowers leading two opposite economic systems, capitalism and communism. Both countries tried to spread their respective economic system and influence in other parts of the world, resulting in hostility between the two superpowers. But both these superpowers had dangerous and lethal weapons (including nuclear weapons), and their direct conflict could have destroyed the whole world. Therefore, bot...