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European History - From Prehistory to the 19TH Century

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World history is incomplete without the inclusion of history of Europe. Different nations of the European Continent played major roles in the political, economic, and scientific history of the world. From the classical to the modern  period, one or more European nations remained at the forefront of World Politics. Prehistoric Period According to recent scientific research, modern  humans initially inhabited Europe nearly 54,000 years ago [ 1 ]. This initial European era is divided into the  Paleolithic (stone), the  Neolithic (New Stone), and the Bronze Age. The technical advancements in these periods came through the Mediterranean people in the south and gradually spread to northwest Europe.  A few famous civilizations of the Bronze Age were the Minoan (27 th Century-15 th Century BC) and Mycenaean (1600-1100 BC), both in modern-day Greece. The prehistoric period in Europe has left several inventions in arts and architecture that still amaze today. Some...

Islamic History - From 7TH To 19TH Century

Islam is currently the second largest and the fastest growing religion in the world [ 1 ]. However, it started modestly and could only convince a limited number of people in its birthplace in the early decades. Earlier Muslims faced severe opposition and hardships before overpowering their opponents.    After its beginning in the 7th Century up to the 19th Century, Islam spread rapidly across continents thanks to military conquests and missionary work. During this period, it gave rise to powerful empires, and experienced both periods of unity and deep fragmentation. Below is an overview of the most significant events and caliphates that shaped Islamic civilization. Arabia before Islam Before the advent of Islam, most people in the Arabian peninsula, especially Hejaz, were polytheists. They were worshippers of various idols, and there were 360 idols in the Kaaba, a worship place in  Makkah built by past prophets for the worship of Allah Almighty alone. The Arab tribe ...